Odborné texty
1 Hospital and wards
2 Human body
3 Musculoskeletal system
4 Circulatory system
5 Digestive system
6 Respiratory system
7 Urinary system
8 Nervous system
9 Reproductive system
10 Integumentary system
11 Vitamins
12 Help your heart
13 What is a hayfever
14 HIV
15 Smoking
16 Exercise
17 Eat variety of food
18 Surgery
19 Are you happy
20 Anxiety, depression
21 Nursing career
22 Admission
23 Nursing process
24 Physical health
25 Florence Nightingale
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6 A/ THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
The respiratory system is associated with the exchange of gases between man and his environment; and also between the tissues cells and the blood. All body cells need a continuous supply of oxygen and also need to be able to rid themselves of carbon dioxide which is produced by cell metabolism. These functions are achieved by ventilation which consists of inspiration and expiration. The movement of gases from a region of high tension to a region of low tension is termed diffusion.
Respiration consists of two phases: external respiration involves the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the capillaries and alveoli of the lungs; internal respiration is the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between cells and capillaries throughout the body.
The structures concerned with ventilation are the upper and lower respiratory tracts, respiratory muscles, thorax and portions of the nervous system. The upper airway is formed by the nose, mouth, pharynx and larynx. The lower tract consists of trachea, bronchi and two lungs.
The respiration is under the control of the respiratory centre in the medulla of the brain and is affected by many factors such as exercise, emotional reactions, pain, certain drugs, etc. The normal rate of respiration varies with age; for an adult it is about 14 to 20 respirations per minute, for children from 25 to 30. A respiratory rate below 9 is dangerous and should be reported immediately.
Explain the internal respiration
What factors affect the respitation?
What is the normal rate of respiration for adults and for children?
List the parts of the upper and the lower respiratory tracts
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